|
Arab diaspora refers to descendants of the Arab immigrants who, voluntarily or as refugees, emigrated from their native lands in non-Arab countries, primarily in East Africa, South America, Europe, North America, and parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and West Africa. ==Overview== According to the International Organization for Migration, there are 13 million,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mundo Arabe )〕 of which 5.8 million reside in Arab countries. Arab expatriates contribute to the circulation of financial and human capital in the region and thus significantly promote regional development. In 2009 Arab countries received a total of 35.1 billion USD in remittance in-flows and remittances sent to Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon from other Arab countries are 40 to 190 per cent higher than trade revenues between these and other Arab countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDF )〕 Large numbers of Arabs migrated to West Africa, particularly Côte d'Ivoire (home to over 100,000 Lebanese),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ivory Coast - The Levantine Community )〕 Senegal (roughly 30,000 Lebanese),〔(Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce ), By Naomi Schwarz, voanews.com, July 10, 2007〕 Sierra Leone (roughly 10,000 Lebanese today; about 30,000 prior to the outbreak of civil war in 1991), Liberia, and Nigeria.〔(Lebanese man shot dead in Nigeria ), BBC News〕 Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Lebanese traders have become re-established in Sierra Leone. Arab traders have long operated in Southeast Asia, trading in spices, timber and textiles. But an important trading minority in the region that goes largely unrecognised comprises the local descendants of Arabs. Most of the prominent Indonesians, Malaysians, and Singaporeans of Arab descent have their origins in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, especially the coastal Hadhramaut region of Yemen and Oman. They are the Hadramis. As many as four million Indonesians are of Hadrami descent, and today there are almost 10,000 Hadramis in Singapore.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hadramis in Singapore, by Ameen Ali Talib )〕〔(The world's successful diasporas ), World Business〕 According to Saudi Aramco World, the largest concentration of Arabs outside the Arab World is in Brazil, which has 9 million Brazilians of Arab ancestry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Arabs of Brazil )〕 Of these 9 million Arabs, seven million are of Lebanese ancestry,〔()〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Estadão de Hoje )〕 making Brazil's population of Lebanese greater than that of Lebanon itself. Most other Brazilians of Arab descent are mainly Syrian. Other large Arab communities includes Argentina, Venezuela,〔(Habeeb Salloum, "Arabs Making Their Mark in Latin America: Generations of Immigrants in Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico" ), ''Al Jadid'', Vol. 6, no. 30 (Winter 2000).〕 Colombia, Mexico (about 400,000 Mexicans of Lebanese descent) and Chile. Palestinians cluster in Chile and Central America, particularly El Salvador, and Honduras (between 150,000 and 200,000). The 500,000 strong Palestinian community in Chile〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile )〕 is the fourth largest in the world after those in Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan. Arab Haitians (a large number of whom live in the capital) are more often than not, concentrated in financial areas where the majority of them establish businesses. In the United States, there are around 3.5 million people of Arab ancestry. Most Arabs of the Americas are of Lebanese, Syrian, or Palestinian ancestry. The Lebanese minority in America are mostly Christian, but with sizable Muslim and Jewish groups.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Arab American Institute )〕 The Lebanese diaspora, while historically trade-related, has been linked more recently to the Lebanese Civil War, and the 2006 Lebanon War. In October 2006, shortly after the 2006 Second Lebanon War had concluded, the Edinburgh Middle East Report ran an article covering the brain drain from Lebanon's universities.〔(Lebanon's Brain Drain ) by Tim May. Edinburgh Middle East Report Online. Winter 2006.〕 Increasing numbers of Lebanese students are travelling abroad to further their education in safer environments. As of June 21, 2007, the U.N. High Commissioner on Refugees estimated that over 2.2 million Iraqis had been displaced to neighboring countries, with up to 100,000 Iraqis fleeing to Syria and Jordan each month.〔("U.N.: 100,000 Iraq refugees flee monthly" ). Alexander G. Higgins, ''Boston Globe,'' November 3, 2006.〕 As a result of growing international pressure, on June 1, 2007 the Bush administration said it was ready to admit 7,000 Iraqi refugees who had helped the coalition since the invasion. According to Washington-based Refugees International the U.S. has admitted fewer than 800 Iraqi refugees since the invasion, Sweden had accepted 18,000 and Australia had resettled almost 6,000.〔(US in Iraq for 'another 50 years' ), ''The Australian'', June 2, 2007.〕 As of 2012, at least 127,860 Iraqis live in Sweden. As of 2004, France is home to an estimated 5 to 6 million of people both Arabic and Berber speaking from North Africa.〔(The Arab World )〕 There is also a medium-sized Arab community in Australia (home to roughly 400,000 Arabs, mostly Lebanese), where Arabic is the fourth most widely spoken second-language. The number of Muslim and Christian Arab Australians are roughly equal with a slight Christian majority. See Australian population: ethnic origins.〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDF )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arab diaspora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|